Alloy.



alloys, intended primaril wILiB R n. DRIVER, or EAST onanen, NEW JERSEY. f

Anno

A? i I h 981,542, Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan, 10, 191i, 4 no Drawing. Applicationflled February 9, 1906. seriarno. 800,281. Y

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILBUR B. DRIVER, a citizen of theUnited States, and a resident of East Orange, New Jersey, have invented new and useful Im rovements in Alloys, which are fully set orth in the following specification.

My invention is a new alloy or a series of for use as resistance-material in electrical Work.

The object of the invention is to produce alloys having high, and even abnormally high, specific resistances; alloys which are i also reliable and permanent in their physical properties (2'. 6., ductile and not liable to deteriorate from rust upon exposure to atmospheref, and which are likewise reliable in their e ectric behavior. Although ductility is an exceedingly desirable pro erty, yet where the alloy is to be employe in cases where it is not necessary to work it, or in other forms than drawn wire, some ductility may be sacrificed in obtaining increased specific resistance.

The specific resistance of ordinary copper is about 1% microhms per cubic centimeter. Taking this resistance of copper as the unit, the resistance of the alloy mangamin as compared with that of copper is about 24 (or, about 40 microhms per cubic centimeter); of eighteen-percent. -German silver, about 18; of thirty-per-cent. German silver, about 28; of advance or constantan about 28. And these are the highest figures of any satisfactory material now known which will not rust. There is a demand for alloys having much higher specific resistances,resistances of about 80 or "more microhms per cubic centimeter or fifty or more times that of copper. This amount of resistance is what I mean by abnormally high specific resistances. While it is true that a class ofalloys has been produced with a very highspecific resistance (about 83 microhms per cubic centimeter), yet it has proved unsatisfactory .the teachings of past, experience,

on account of certain inherent defects. The

alloys of this class contain iron and nickel;

but such alloys inevitably deteriorate more or less rapldly from rust, on account of the large quantity of iron.

It .is well known that the addition of manganese to copper tends to raise the spe cific resistance {but if we increase the amount;

of manganese sufliciently to attain an abnormally-high or even a comparatively-high, specificresistance the alloy becomes unreliable and unstable So that past experience has served to shut the door to manganese as a means for producing a commercially satisfactory alloy of very high resistance. Nickel is also known to increase the resistance of the alloys into in its electric behavior.

increase of nickel tends to harden the re- 1 sultant alloy, which is sometimes an objection. When to copper is added a large percentage (ten per cent.10% -or over) of manganese and also a large percentage (ten per cent.10%-or over) of nickel, there is obtained a homogeneous alloy that is ductile and workable, one that'doesnot rust, and above all that has a very high specific resistance and is reliable and constant in its electrical behavior. By this departure from obtain to a higher degree than heretofore deemed possible all the benefit of manganese but without the disadvantage, heretofore supposed to be inseparable from the presence of a high ercentage of manganese.

The ollowing formulas give the proportions pf thethree ingredients and the specific resistance of each composition, stated in microhms per cubic centimeter:

The proportions above indicated may of course be varied considerably without losing the effectiveness of the alloys, or departing from the spirit of my invention,- the result of such variations being to raise or lower the specific resistance, which in any case will be high. The spirit of my invention consists in using both manganese and nickel in proportions much larger than heretofore employed. My experiments, as illustrated by the formulas given, indicate that there must be ten per cent. (10%) or over of nickel, conjointly with ten per cent.

- (10%) or'over of manganese.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. A ductile and stable electrical conductor of non-rusting material, having an abnormally-high specific resistance, substantially as described.

. 2. An electrical resistance-element containing copper, with manganese and nickel, the two latter being present in large amounts, namely, at least ten per cent.

(10%) of each substantially as described.

3. composition of matter containing copper with over ten per cent. (10%) of manganese and over ten per cent (10%) of nickel.

4. An electrical resistance-element containin copper, with from ten to fifty per cent. 10-50%) of manganese and from ten to fifty per cent. (1050%) of nickel.

5. An electrical resistance-element con taining nickel and manganese with from thirty-five to sixty per cent. (35-60%) of copper.

6. An electrical resistance-elementconcopper, more than ten taining copper and manganese and at least ten per cent. (10%) of an ingredient for fixing the electrical behavior of the alloy.

7. An electrical resistance-element con taining copper and a large amount of manganese with at least ten per cent. (10%) of an ingredient for fixing the electrical behavior of the alloy.

8. An electrical resistance-element containin copper, ten per cent. (10%) or more" of nic el, and ten per cent. (10%) or more of manganese.

9. An, electrical resistance-element containing copper, ten per cent. (10%) or more of nickel, and fifteen per cent. (15%) or more of manganese.

10. An electrical resistance-element con-- tainin copper, ten per cent. (10% or more of nic el, and twenty per cent. 20%) or more of manganese.

11. A composition of matter containing copper, ten per cent. (10%) or more of nickel, and twenty-five per cent. (25%) or more of manganese.

12. A composition of matter containing copper, ten per cent. (10%) or more of nickel, and thirty per cent. (30%) or more of manganese.

13. A composition of matter containing copper, more than ten per cent. (10%) of manganese, and fifteen per cent. (15%) or more of nickel.

14. A composition of matter containing copper, more than ten per cent. (10%) of manganese, and twenty per cent. (20%) or more of nickel.

15. A composition of matter containing er cent. (10%) of manganese, and twentyve per cent. (25%) or more of nickel.

16. A composition of matter containing copper, more than ten per cent. (10%) of manganese, and thirty per cent. (30%) or more of nickel.

17. A composition of matter containing copper, with fifteen per cent. (15%) or more of nickel, and fifteen per cent. 15%) or more of manganese.

18. A composition of matter containing copper, with twenty per cent. (20%) or more of nickel, and twenty per cent. (20%) or more of manganese.

19. A composltion of mattercontaining copper, with twenty per cent. (20%) or more of nickel, and thirty per cent. (30%) or more of manganese. I

20. A composltion of matter containing copper, with from twenty per cent. to forty percent. (20%-40%) of manganese, and

from ten per cent. to forty per cent..

( %4070 of nickel.

21. An electrical resistance-element, consisting of an alloy containing thirty per In testimony whereof I have signed this cent. (30%) or more of manganese, with specification in the presence of two sub-.

more than one other ingredient. scribing witnesses.

22. An. electrical resistance-element, 'con- WILBUR B. DRIVER.

sisting of an alloy containing copper, Witnesses:

twenty per cent. (20%) or more of man- C. A. L. MAssm,

ganese, and at least one other ingredient. W. HARTING. 

